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Tuesday, June 18, 2019

Paleolithic



The ancestors of humans have been evolving for several millions of years, and at this time their population fractured.



Modern humans
Fossils of the earliest members of our species, archaic Homo sapiens, have been found in Africa.

splits and admixtures


OOA theory


splits and admixtures
Neanderthals are known to have lived in Europe and the Middle East, but not in East Asia.
After early humans migrated out of Africa ~60 kya, they bumped into Neanderthals (here ?)
Then the ancestors of modern Europeans and Asians then split out of this migrant group.
Ancient Melanesians interbred with a mysterious hominid.


Europe
About 45 kya, in the midst of the last ice age, modern humans began arriving in what we now call Europe () and again bumped into and mated with Neanderthals.
There is no evidence of the earliest modern humans in Europe contributing to the genetic composition of present-day Europeans.
But, wait!
Y dna hg I was found in Italy ~30 kybc.

Neanderthals


The Last Glacial Maximum (24.5-18 kybc)
Approximately 20-13 kya, human populations across Eurasia experienced the Last Ice Age; populations in Europe retreated (?) into the glacial refugia located in the Iberia, the Balkans, the Ukraine; also in Siberia., where climate conditions were milder.

The Late Glacial Interstadial (12.6-10.9 kybc)
New genomic data suggests that when Europeans emerged from the last ice age ~13 kya, they were close to becoming extinct. Ancient DNA identifies post-glacial re-colonization of Europe.

Near East
Early Upper Paleolithic modern human cultures are documented in the Near East to about 45 kya.
Parts of the Near East, such as the Levant, were also continuously inhabited throughout the Last Glacial Maximum.
The paternal lineages in most of North Africans emerged ∼15 kya during the last glacial warming.
Levantine ancestral population diverged from Europeans ~15.9–9.1 kya between the last glacial warming and the start of the Neolithic.

Asia


America



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