The fact that most people alive today in Europe shares nearly the same set of (European, and possibly world-wide) ancestors from only 1 kya seems to contradict the signals of long term, albeit subtle, population genetic structure within Europe. (Novembre 2008; Lao 2008; 461)
The Migration Period
Steppe people
Bulgarians
Huns, Avars, Conquerors in Hungary were of Mongoloid and Europid origin.
Remains of Huns were found in Thrace (today Greece). (Tritsaroli 2010)
Most of Steppe people had disappeared relatively rapidly from the historical stage and the Balkan. (Mikić 1999)
There was a foreign gene flow into Scandinavia from the south and east; so Viking’ was a job description, not a matter of heredity.
Distinct Viking populations influenced the genomic makeup of different regions of Europe (), while Scandinavia again had experienced increased contact with the rest of the continent. Scandinavians were more likely to have black hair than people living there today. (Margaryan 2020)
Romani people originated in north/northwest India around 1.500 years ago. After a rapid migration with moderate gene flow from the Near or Middle East, the European spread of the Romani people was via the Balkans.
The heritage of Islam in the Europe
Sub-Saharan gene flow detected in Europe entered with North African gene flow.
The Y chromosome hg`s E, J and R1b distribution is in agreement with recent African / Levantine / Turkish gene flow at that period.
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